Microprocessor can be grouped according to the technology used, according to the number of bits of data, according to the structure or according to ability / characteristics according to the functions of the microprocessor and the microprocessor itself. Based on the number of bits of data (Word Size) at this time there have been many kinds mirkoprosessor, ranging from the microprocessor 1 bit, 4bit, 8 bit. 16 bits, 32 bits and 64 bits. In addition mirkoprosessor can also be grouped according to function and integrasisnya are as follows:
● single-chip microcomputer (One - chip Mircocomputer)
● microprocessor (or processor) Bit - Slice
1. 4-bit microprocessor
Intel 4004 microprocessor was first introduced mirkroprosessor in 1971. The microprocessor memperguanakan PMOS technology. Moreover has been developed also some fruit mirkoprosessor 4 with the same technology and with other technologies. 4-bit microprocessor called reason is because. This microprocessor mampuh only four bits of data processing.
2. 8-bit microprocessor
8-bit microprocessor which was successively memperguanakan standard microprocessor NMOS and PMOS technology or generally in the form of monolithic microprocessor. This microprocessor was introduced in 1975. mirkoprosessor special properties are: Cheap prices, with very high component density, power is quite low but with a relatively low speed as well. Some examples include: Motorola 6800, 6809, Intel 8080, 8085 and Zilog Z-80 which all use the technology NMOS.
4. Bipolar Type Bit processor - SliceWith bipolar technology menpergunakan * Schottky TTL, ECL or I2L) processor of this type have a high speed though with somewhat less density. By connecting a parallel m-bit processor slice the fruit of the n bits. Hence can be obtained by an microprocessor with data bits (word length) = mxn bits. Examples of AMD in 2903, Motorola 10 800. advantage of this microprocessor is to be microprogrammable, mikroprogram can be made by the user.
3. CMOS microprocessorWith CMOS technology, the microprocessor requires the smallest power compared with a microprocessor that use other technologies. Weakness CMOS microprocessor compared with bipolar is in this type of speed. For overcome this shortcoming has been developed microprocessor-type CMOS SOS and HS-CMOS which has a speed roughly equal to the type but with a TTL Schottku much lower power requirements. Sample MC 14 500, 1802 and 8085. MC14500B is a one-bit microprocessor, known by the name of Industial Control Unit (ICU).
5. Plus microprocessorThis component is a bridge between the microprocessor and the monolithic one - chip microcomputer, a microprocessor plus generally contain an MPU + RAM or other components, for example MC6802 (Consisting of MPU + RAM + Clock) and the Intel 8035.
6. Single-Chip Microcomputer Mirkokomputer
unit (MCU = Mircocomputer Unit) has been contained units mirkoprosessor (MPU = Microprocessing Unit), Memory and input output units. With the MCU to use this, then the number of components necessary to create a system becomes increasingly small. Some examples of one-chip microcomputer which utilize NMOS technology is the Motorola 6801 and 6805, Intel 8041 and 8049, while the use of CMOS technology: 87C41 and 87C48 (Intersil) and Motorola 1468056.
7. Microprocessor 16 On 16-bit microprocessor, the ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit), and most of the registers in intruksinya designed to be berkeja with binary words of 16. This microprocessor has become popular and visible start shifting 8-bit microprocessor in its position as a standard microprocessor. Several types of 16-bit microprocessor which was well known are: 8086, 8088, 80 186, 80 188, 80 286, 80 288 (intel), Motorola MC68000, Zilog Z8000, and Texas Instruments 9900. 8086 microprocessor has 16-bit data bus, so it can write or read data to / from memory or input / output of 16 bits or 8 bits each time, this microprocessor has a 20-bit address bus, so it can put address as many as 220 = 1,048,57626 location memory.
8. 32-bit microprocessor With the rapid developments in technology of VLSI integrated circuits, the microprocessor technology developed also in the direction of a growing number of data bits increases in addition to the increase in terms of other capabilities. At around the year 1984/1985 has introduced 32-bit microprocessor, a memory buffer to work with in the order of Mega bytes. NS32032 example, Motorola 68 020, Western Electric WE32000.
9. 64-bit microprocessor This microprocessor was first introduced in 2002 by AMD. With using 64-bit microprocessor can work with in the order of giga-byte memory even tera bytes. This microprocessor known as prosessor64. Ability of 64-bit microprocessor can process images in three dimensions.
No comments:
Post a Comment